Atlassino Academy · Poker in the room · Lesson 2

Blinds, button and betting rounds

Blinds go in before the cards, the button decides who speaks first, and in no limit a raise has a floor. Here is the order of a hand, round by round, and what you may do when the action reaches you.

  • About 17 minutes
  • Illustrated hosts: Leo and Maya
  • Last checked 27 October 2026

The cards are dealt at a no limit table with blinds of 1 unit and 2 units, and nobody has acted yet. Who acts first, and may that player check?

The short answer

Before the flop, the player to the left of the big blind acts first, and nobody may check in that first round: the choice is to call the big blind, raise or fold. From the flop on, the first player still in the hand to the left of the button acts first, and checking is allowed. Without limits, every bet is a whole number of big blinds, from one big blind up to the player’s whole stack, and only an all-in falls outside that count. The words in short: the blinds are the two forced bets made before the cards, the big one second; the flop is the first three shared cards; the button marks the dealer’s seat; your stack is the chips you have on the table. The blinds here are an example table, not a suggested stake.

dealerplay moves clockwiseAbuttonBSBCBBDEFGHI

Before the flop

  1. Seat D
  2. Seat E
  3. Seat F
  4. Seat G
  5. Seat H
  6. Seat I
  7. Seat A, the button
  8. Seat B, the small blind
  9. Seat C, the big blind

From the flop on

  1. Seat B, the small blind
  2. Seat C, the big blind
  3. Seat D
  4. Seat E
  5. Seat F
  6. Seat G
  7. Seat H
  8. Seat I
  9. Seat A, the button

The same nine seats in both lists: the button and the two blinds stay where they are for the whole hand, and only the moment in the hand changes which seat speaks first.

Leo, in the dealer’s place behind an oval poker table with every other place empty, slides a second face-down card toward Maya, the rest of the deck in his other hand, while she waits at the rail beside a plain white button and her first card.
Leo smiling, explaining with an open hand.

Leoformer dealer · rules and maths

I dealt hold’em for years, and two questions came up at every table: “is it on me?” and “how much do I have to put in?”. Both answers come from where the button sits and from what the player before you did, and both can be read off the table before you touch a chip.

Seats, the button and the room

A game of hold’em needs at least 2 players to start, and a table seats 10 at most. The seats are drawn by lot: the dealer gives each player one card, and the card decides the seat.

Everyone at the table plays against the other players, and the dealer runs the game and takes a percentage of the pot for the casino. The casino sets that percentage, the regulator approves it, and the gaming room shows it on a sign. Every pot on this page is shown before that fee.

The button marks the dealer’s seat. At the start of the game it is drawn: it goes to the player who gets the highest card. At the end of each hand it moves one seat to the left, clockwise. If the player whose turn it is to have the button has run out of chips or left the table, the button stays where it is, so the order of the bets is kept. A player who joins the table in the seat of the small or the big blind has to post that blind.

Blinds: the two bets before the cards

Before any card is dealt, the two players to the left of the button put in forced bets called blinds: the first player to the left of the button puts in the small blind, half of the big blind, and the player to the left of the small blind puts in the big blind.

  • Small blind1 unithalf of the big blind, the first number of a 1 unit/2 units stake on the sign
  • Big blind2 unitsthe second number of a 1 unit/2 units stake on the sign
  • The smallest bet on any round2 unitsone big blind, at a table without limits

We read the two numbers of a no limit stake on the sign, such as 1 unit/2 units, as the two blinds: the first is the small blind, the second the big blind. The amounts of each game are shown in the gaming room. Amounts are in betting units, not pesos: a unit can stand for any amount, and the arithmetic is the same at any scale.

Four rounds of betting, and the moves

Each player gets two cards face down, dealt in two rounds, starting with the small blind and ending with the button. A hand has up to four rounds of betting: Pocket, also called Pre-Flop, then Flop, Turn and River. Before the flop, the turn and the river the dealer burns a card, setting it aside face down without showing it; the first three shared cards turned face up are the flop.

  1. The deal
    Two cards face down to each player, then the first round of betting.
  2. The flop
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    One card burned, three shared cards face up, then the second round.
  3. The turn
    77
    One card burned, a fourth shared card, then the third round.
  4. The river
    22
    One card burned, the fifth shared card, then the last round.

Every new card or set of cards is followed by a round of betting; a hand in which every player but one folds stops right there.

When the action reaches you, these are the moves to choose from.

  • FoldLeave the hand and play no further part in it.
  • CallPut in just enough to match what the players before you bet.
  • CheckStay in without adding to the bet; from the flop on only.
  • RaisePut in more than the bet of the player before you.
  • All inBet every chip you have on the table.

In the first round of betting nobody may check; checking is allowed from the flop on. Before the flop the big blind is the bet the other players face.

Who acts first, before and after the flop

Before the flop the player to the left of the big blind starts the betting. From the flop on, the first player still in the hand to the left of the button starts it.

Who speaks first and last, on the nine-seat table aboveFolded seats drop out of the order
WhenFirst to actLast to act
Before the flopSeat D, the first seat left of the big blindSeat C, the big blind, unless a raise sends the action round again
From the flop onSeat B, the small blind, or the next seat still inSeat A, the button, while still in

The players who posted the blinds, and anyone who acted before the last raise, have to match the difference between the highest bet and their own to stay in the hand, or fold. A small blind facing only the big blind therefore puts in the difference, not the whole big blind again.

Where your seat falls in this order is called your position. Acting later means you have seen more before you decide: on the flop, the turn and the river, the player on the button sees what everyone else did before having to act.

How big a bet may be, with limits and without

Hold’em is dealt with limits and without. With limits, every bet before the flop and on the flop is one big blind, and on the turn and the river two big blinds, and each round allows one raise and at most 3 re-raises; without limits there is no set number of re-raises. Without limits, every bet on all four rounds is a whole number of big blinds, one big blind at least, and the all-in is the one bet left out of that count. Without limits a bet also has no upper limit, except the chips in front of you.

How big a bet is, with limits and withoutAn example table with blinds of 1 unit and 2 units
RoundWith limitsWithout limits
Before the flop and on the flop2 units, one big blind, every bet2 units, 4 units, 6 units and so on, up to your stack
On the turn and the river4 units, two big blinds, every bet2 units, 4 units, 6 units and so on, up to your stack
Raises in a roundone raise and at most 3 re-raisesno set number

The same example table in both columns; with limits the bet is fixed, without limits it is any whole number of big blinds up to your stack.

A raise or a re-raise is made at once: it may not be delayed, or put in in two goes.

  • The smallest bet2 unitsone big blind, on every round of an example table without limits.
  • A bet in between10 unitsa whole number of big blinds; 7 units is not, and only an all-in may be.
  • The largest betup to 150 unitsyour whole stack, here 150 units: without limits there is no other ceiling.

The three tiles are the same example table each time: blinds of 1 unit and 2 units, a stack of 150 units, and no limits.

Maya with a hand on her chest, speaking gently and seriously.

Mayaformer floor supervisor · manners, money and breaks

Know the rules before you buy in. A hand where you are not sure whether it is your turn, or how much a bet may be, is a hand where chips go in by accident and calm goes out with them.

Bring one number with you as well as the rules: the money the evening gets, settled before you buy in. If a hand rattles you, you can fold the next one, or step away from the table for a short break.

If it stops being fun

If gambling stops being fun, the SCJ self-exclusion applies in every casino in the country. Minimum entry age: 18 (age of majority under Law 19.221; Law 19.995 bars minors from gaming rooms). The casino may ask for an official ID. More on responsible gaming.

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+56 2 2589 3000All regions · Superintendencia de Casinos de Juego — Central Telefónica

Practice: action is on you

Level 1 is the round before the flop: who speaks first, why nobody checks, what a blind still owes, and how far a bet may go. Level 2 is the flop, the turn and the river: who speaks first, and which bets are allowed.

Nothing is bet here. Every table is an example no limit table with blinds of 1 unit and 2 units, and every moment stops at a decision, with the seats, the stacks and the moves before yours on the screen.

The practice table needs JavaScript. Here is one decision from it, with the answer.

Level 1 · Before the flop

The cards are dealt, and the action is on you, the first seat to the left of the big blind. Nobody has bet anything yet but the blinds. What can you do?

  • Check, because nobody has bet yet The big blind counts as the bet before the flop, and in the first round of betting checking is not one of the moves.
  • Call the 2 units or fold; a raise comes only after the flop Raising is allowed in every round, the first one included.
  • Call the 2 units, raise, or fold The big blind is the bet you face, and in the first round of betting nobody may check.

Before the flop the blinds are already a bet, and nobody may check in that round: checking becomes possible from the flop on.

Every moment in the practice run is worked out the same way: the moves before yours are played through by the same engine, and the answer is what the engine allows the seat whose turn it is.

How the practice run works

Where the answers come from. Every moment is a set of stacks, a button and the moves before yours, and the engine plays those moves through when the page is built: the call, the largest bet and the first seat to act are read from it. Each wrong answer is a named mistake, such as a check before the flop, a blind that is forgotten, a bet that is not a whole number of big blinds, or a ceiling taken from somebody else’s stack.

One strip, and no rounds. Every square on the strip is one decision of this lesson, and all of the squares are there from the start. Your first answer fills the square it belongs to; when the squares of one level are full, the next level begins by itself, with no button in between. Practising a decision you got wrong turns its cross into “fixed in practice” and does not change the count, because only first answers count.

Your progress stays in this browser, and nothing is sent anywhere.

Check yourself

Maya with a finger raised and a knowing look.

Mayaformer floor supervisor · manners, money and breaks

Three quick ones. Pick an answer, then check it. No timer, no points: just whether it stuck.

A question marked “New situation” asks you to use the lesson on a case it did not show.

1At a table without limits, with blinds of 1 unit and 2 units, nobody has bet on the flop and the action is on you. Which bet may you make?

Show the answer

Answer: A bet of 6 units. Without limits every bet is a whole number of big blinds, on all four rounds, with the all-in as the one exception.

  • A bet of 5 units 5 units is not a whole number of big blinds of 2 units; only an all-in may fall outside that count.
  • A bet of 1 unit That is less than one big blind, the smallest bet on any round.
  • A bet of 6 units 6 units is a whole number of big blinds, and it is more than the one big blind a bet needs at least.
2At a full table, only you on the button and the small blind are still in the hand when the flop comes. Who acts first on the flop?

Show the answer

Answer: The small blind. From the flop on, the betting starts with the first player still in to the left of the button.

  • You, on the button Before the flop you acted before the small blind; from the flop on, the button acts last.
  • Whoever raised before the flop The order after the flop comes from the seats, not from what happened in the round before.
  • The small blind After the flop the first player still in to the left of the button acts first, and the small blind sits to the button’s left.
3Last hand you were the big blind. The button has moved one seat clockwise: where are you now, and when do you act before the flop? new situation

Show the answer

Answer: In the small blind, second to last before the flop. At the end of each hand the button moves one seat to the left, clockwise, and the two blinds move with it: last hand’s big blind is this hand’s small blind.

  • In the small blind, second to last before the flop The blinds belong to the two seats to the left of the button. The button moved onto the seat to your right, so the first seat to its left, the small blind, is now yours; before the flop the small blind acts just before the big blind.
  • In the big blind again, last before the flop The blinds stay with the seats beside the button, not with a player: the big blind has moved one seat on, to the player on your left.
  • To the left of the big blind, first before the flop That seat moved too: the new big blind is the player on your left, and the first seat to act is the one to the left of that player.

Back to the question we opened with. The player to the left of the big blind acts first before the flop, and may not check: in the first round the choice is to call the big blind, raise or fold.

The rooms, and further reading

18+ across Chile · Play responsibly · self-exclusion and the regulator are further up this page

Further reading

  • Catálogo de Juegos (Poker: Texas Hold’em) · Superintendencia de Casinos de JuegoThe regulator’s rules for Texas Hold’em in the room: signing up, the buy-in, blinds and button, the betting rounds, the showdown and the casino’s commission.

How it’s worked out

Rules, numbers, sources and hosts

Where this happens. Every table on this page is a poker room you can walk into, where a house dealer deals Texas hold’em and the players bet against each other. Every rule on this page is the one the national catalogue of games prints for hold’em, with limits and without.

Numbers. Every amount on this page belongs to an example table with blinds of 1 unit and 2 units, and none of it is a suggested stake. Every answer is worked out when the page is built: the moves before yours are played through by our engine, and the call, the largest bet and the first seat to act are read from it.

Our readings. No document we could read says in so many words that the two numbers of a no limit stake are the small and the big blind; we read them that way. The catalogue gives the smallest bet without limits, one big blind, and says that every bet is a whole number of big blinds; it does not spell out how much a raise has to add beyond that, or whether an all-in smaller than a raise lets a player who has already acted raise again. The practice run asks neither.

What is deliberately absent. Pot limit, the straddle and a hand dealt to only two players are not in the practice run. The waiting list, the buy-in and the room itself are lesson 7.3. The showdown, the kicker and side pots are lesson 7.5. The ranking of hands is lesson 7.1. How often starting hands come is lesson 7.6. The strongest hand a board allows is lesson 7.9.

Sources. Every claim on this page carries a button with the sentence it rests on, the publisher who wrote that sentence and the date we read it. The sentences are in Spanish, as the catalogue prints them.

Hosts. Leo and Maya are illustrated characters. Their backstories, a former dealer and a former floor supervisor, are written for the course: neither is a real person, and neither speaks for any casino. The rules and numbers on this page come from the sources it cites, not from their experience.

No promise. Poker is played against the other players at the table, and the room takes its fee from the pots. Knowing whose turn it is and how big a bet may be keeps a hand from going wrong by accident; nothing on this page says how a hand or an evening would end, and nothing here is a way to earn money.

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